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ELDERLY FALL PREVENTION

Epidemiology, Risk Factors

Risk Factors for Elderly Falls [4, 6]

Intrinsic Risks

• Prior fall
• Cognitive impairment
• Depression
• Gait or postural instability
• Reduced mobility
• Visual impairment
• Muscle weakness/frailty
• Sensory and proprioception deficits

Extrinsic Risks

• Environmental hazards: poor lighting, slippery surface, unattached throw rugs, poorly placed or low furniture, poor bathroom design
• Medications (psychotropic drugs OR=1.7, class 1A antiarrhythmics (quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide) OR=1.6, digoxin OR=1.2, diuretics OR=1.1. 
• More than 3 medications
• Risk taking behavior (i.e. use of ladders, step stools)
  

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